Tanjore painting, also known as Thanjavur painting, is a traditional and highly ornate style of Indian painting that originated in the town of Thanjavur (Tanjore) in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. These paintings are characterized by their rich colors, intricate details, and the use of precious and semi-precious stones and gold leaf to embellish the artwork. Here are some key points about Tanjore painting:
- Origin: Tanjore painting has a long history, dating back to the Maratha period in the 16th century. It was patronized by the Maratha rulers and the Nayakas of the Thanjavur region. The art form has strong ties to the religious and cultural traditions of the area.
- Themes: Tanjore paintings primarily depict religious and mythological themes. They often feature images of Hindu deities, saints, and legendary figures. The central image is typically encircled by intricate patterns and motifs.
- Style: Tanjore paintings are known for their use of vivid colors, especially rich reds and blues. The figures are characterized by round faces, almond-shaped eyes, and detailed jewelry. A unique feature of these paintings is the use of raised and three-dimensional elements, including the application of gold and silver leaf, gemstones, and glass beads, which add a tactile and luxurious quality to the artwork.
- Materials: The traditional materials used in Tanjore paintings include a wooden base, typically made of jackfruit or teak wood, cloth, chalk powder, gum arabic, and natural pigments. Gold foil (called “varak” or “nakshatra”) is used extensively to highlight and adorn the paintings. In addition to gold, silver, and gemstones are sometimes used for added opulence.
- Religious Significance: Tanjore paintings are often considered sacred and are used as religious icons in homes and temples. They are associated with the devotional practices of South Indian Hindus.
- Size and Format: Tanjore paintings come in various sizes, but many are relatively small, designed to be easily hung on walls or displayed on altars. Larger, more elaborate versions are also created as temple art.
- Contemporary Adaptations: While traditional Tanjore painting remains popular, contemporary artists have adapted the style to create new expressions. They may experiment with themes, materials, and techniques while still retaining the essence of the traditional style.
Tanjore painting is not just a form of art but also a cultural and religious tradition in Tamil Nadu. It is cherished for its beauty, intricacy, and its role in preserving the rich cultural and spiritual heritage of the region. These paintings continue to be admired and used in religious and artistic contexts in India and beyond.